Japanese Teaching Position Available — NYC — New York

2011 October 20
by admin

Hills Learn­ing, a lan­guage school in New York City, is look­ing for a Japan­ese teacher to join their team. We’re look­ing for native speak­ers of their lan­guages, with a pas­sion to share their cul­ture and a record of suc­cess to teach Japan­ese to all ages.

Some specifics on the Japan­ese teach­ing job are:

Require­ments:
– at least 3 years of teach­ing expe­ri­ence
– proven track record of suc­cess with classes and stu­dents
– a pas­sion to share your cul­ture and lan­guage with fel­low new york­ers
– native speaker of Japan­ese preferred

Details:
– weekly update form
– abil­ity to cre­ate own mate­ri­als
– work with direc­tor to design les­son plans
– hours dif­fer per stu­dent and job

For apply­ing please visit our web­site: http://www.hillslearning.com/opportunities/

Please note, if you’re inter­ested in teach­ing Japan­ese to a New York audi­ence but might not meet these require­ments there are also intern­ships avail­able. Please visit our web­site for fur­ther infor­ma­tion on this job opening.

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JLPT 2011 New York — How to sign up and not miss it

2011 July 26
by admin

Dear New York Japan­ese Learners!

The sea­son is approach­ing for the JLPT or Japan­ese Lan­guage Pro­fi­ciency Test. The test will be held on Decem­ber 4th of this year, at Lehman Col­lege. As noted below, the test will be 500 peo­ple max­i­mum, and we do mean max­i­mum. Usu­ally the test sells about halfway through Sep­tem­ber in New York City, and New York is always the first cen­ter to sell out and fill up. Your other options if you miss New York are Boston or DC, we rec­om­mend all poten­tial test tak­ers to sign up early.

Another very impor­tant part of sign­ing up for the JLPT this year is there are NO ONLINE APPLICATIONS. MAIL ONLY. Why is this sig­nif­i­cant? Well, last year it was quite easy to secure a seat, you just had to go online, fill out the appro­pri­ate infor­ma­tion and hit “sub­mit.” Now, you’ll have to plan ahead, mak­ing sure all your doc­u­men­ta­tion is in order, and plan to have it shipped to LA with enough time to allow for any mis­takes, etc. to be rectified.

In other words, plan ahead. Don’t wait until mid-September to fill out your appli­ca­tion form for the JLPT. New York City is the most pop­u­lar and fastest sell­ing out loca­tion for the JLPT in the U.S., so use your time wisely. The paper appli­ca­tion form will become avail­able on the Japan Foun­da­tion LA web­site in mid-August, http://www.jflalc.org/jlpt_index.html, so be on the look­out for the appli­ca­tion and fill it out quickly and accurately.

Oh yes, and while you’re at it, start study­ing now. If you haven’t started study­ing for the JLPT and haven’t taken the test before, you’ll need to take at least one or two prac­tice tests, and review all gram­mar, vocab­u­lary, and lis­ten­ing and read­ing exer­cises that will be on your exam. Good luck with your stud­ies, in our other arti­cle on this web­site we dis­cuss how to best study for the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency test. Please take a look!

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JLPT Test — Which Level is Right for You?

2011 July 7
by admin

Any seri­ous learner of Japan­ese has con­sid­ered tak­ing the JLPT, or the Japan­ese Lan­guage Pro­fi­ciency Test. The test can be taken all over the world, of course the coun­try with the most test cen­ters and fre­quency of admin­is­tra­tion is Japan, but in Amer­ica as well there are mul­ti­ple cen­ters avail­able to stu­dents look­ing to take the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency test. In New York City, it is admin­is­tered at Lehman College.

But what level is right for you? It depends on a few factors:

1 - Fre­quency of study of Japan­ese up till now

2 - Goals you have for tak­ing the exam

3 - How much you think you can study

1 - The Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency test is designed to be admin­is­tered in five lev­els, N1N5. N5 is begin­ning level, and N1 is the high­est or flu­ency level.

To get a sense of how each level dif­fers, please try the sam­ple prob­lems found on this web­site: http://www.jlpt.jp/samples/forlearners.html

To get to take N5, we would rec­om­mend about 2 years of Japan­ese lan­guage study, or the Hills Learn­ing equiv­a­lent of six semes­ters of our 2 month classes. Stu­dents tak­ing N5 know some basic Japan­ese gram­mar, about 100 Kanji or so, and know the other alpha­bets Hira­gana and Katakana.

To con­trast this, N2 (the sec­ond high­est level of the exam) requires knowl­edge of 1,000 Kanji, and about 6,000 vocab­u­lary words. To give you a sense of the gram­mar you have to learn, there are 181 gram­mar pat­terns (not includ­ing basic gram­mar pat­terns that have been learned pre­vi­ously for N3 and N4 lev­els), and your lis­ten­ing skills have to be devel­oped to lis­ten to every­day con­ver­sa­tions, office meet­ings, and gen­eral lec­tures and be able to pick out and under­stand what’s being said.

For stu­dents that are seri­ous about learn­ing Japan­ese and have been for some­time, maybe want to move to Japan or get into a Japan­ese com­pany, we feel that N2 is the nat­ural choice to take. Please see our JLPT Class for more infor­ma­tion about our group course on this class.

2 — Which leads us to the sec­ond fac­tor, what is your goal for tak­ing the JLPT test? There are var­i­ous rea­sons why peo­ple take the Pro­fi­ciency Test, from try­ing to get a job to enter­ing uni­ver­sity. If it’s a spe­cific goal such as enter­ing a Japan­ese uni­ver­sity as a for­eign national, or apply­ing for a trans­la­tion job (for exam­ple the State Depart­ment has require­ments of N1 for var­i­ous posi­tions), then you already know you have to pass the N1 level of the test.

N1 is nat­u­rally the hard­est level of the exam, and just within the past cou­ple years has become even harder. Stu­dents that don’t use the lan­guage on a daily basis at work, didn’t grow up speak­ing it, or do not have the time to immerse them­selves should seri­ously con­sider not tak­ing this level. It’s the flu­ency level for a rea­son, gram­mar and vocab­u­lary stud­ied for the test are usu­ally not used in reg­u­lar conversation.

As men­tioned ear­lier, the N2 level is a great level to take if you’re inter­ested in work­ing in a Japan­ese com­pany, or just look­ing to improve over­all con­ver­sa­tional and read­ing flu­ency. The gram­mar pat­terns for the test are used in every­day con­ver­sa­tion, the vocab­u­lary and kanji are fre­quented in news­pa­pers, and you can claim you’re “busi­ness flu­ent” on a resume.

N3 is the newest addi­tion to the JLPT level cat­a­log, and it’s not quite clear to this author how the level will be used both on a prac­ti­cal basis and in the job market.

N4 has his­tor­i­cally been the level that states you’re “not a begin­ner of Japan­ese.” Basi­cally, N4 is where stu­dents are intro­duced to Keigo, the for­mi­da­ble polite lan­guage that has no direct equiv­a­lent in Eng­lish. Add around 500 Kanji to the equa­tion and it is proven by pass­ing this level stu­dents are no longer con­sid­ered begin­ners of Japanese.

3 — Which leads us to our third point, how much time do you have study for the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency Test? Here’s the quick answer, if you do not use Japan­ese on a daily basis, you will need to study for the test. Whether it’s N5 or N1, stu­dents need to develop a reg­i­ment and study quite a bit. As with all tests, the first step is to under­stand the struc­ture of the test and take some sam­ple prob­lems. Then after­wards for any level, stu­dents should be ready to study at least 3 to 4 hours  per week. N2 and N1 require more inten­sive regiments.

Thanks for read­ing about the JLPT test and we wel­come your com­ments and ques­tions. Good luck with your studies!

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Japan Day — A great opportunity to learn Japanese in New York

2011 May 25
by admin

Thanks for com­ing to our web­site and your inter­est in learn­ing Japan­ese! This past week­end was Japan Day, an event that cel­e­brates Japan­ese lan­guage and cul­ture in New York. We’d like to talk more about this, and think it’s one of the best oppor­tu­ni­ties to expe­ri­ence Japan­ese cul­ture and lan­guage in New York City. The event num­bers around 50,000 peo­ple. Please mark “Japan Day” on your cal­en­dar for next year!

Japan Day used to be just about Japan­ese cul­ture and Japan­ese per­for­mances, such as cul­tural icons of Cal­lig­ra­phy and Hello-Kitty. Only recently though  Japan Day decided to offer a Japan­ese lan­guage tent along with their cul­tural exhi­bi­tions and demonstrations.

Each year, the Japan Day staff, along with Hills Learn­ing and other involved lan­guage schools, come up with a list of key vocab­u­lary phrases for Japan Day. This year was no dif­fer­ent, our theme was Gan­bare Japan, or “Japan, You can do it!” We taught lan­guage through a tra­di­tional Japan­ese card game called “Karuta.”

Many of the par­tic­i­pants not only loved learn­ing the lan­guage for a bit, but also really liked the cul­tural expo­sure. You can stop in and get tat­toos, pic­tures with Hello Kitty, cal­lig­ra­phy cranes, and of course watch the per­form­ers. The per­form­ers range from cul­tural icons such as Karate clubs, to famous Jazz Singers and musi­cal groups.

For ref­er­ence, here is the Japan Day vocab­u­lary we learned this year:

がんばれ – gan­bare – You can do it!

ありがとう – ari­gato – Thank you!

おはよう – ohayo – good morning

こんにちは – kon­nichiwa – hello

大丈夫 – dai­jy­obu – It’s okay

せんばづる – sen­bazuru – 1,000 origami cranes

友達 – tomodachi – friend

愛 – ai – love

希望 – kibo – hope

おうえん – o-en – support

すごい – sugoi – won­der­ful, great

元気 – genki – healthy, how are you?

Thanks for read­ing, and we hope to see you next year learn­ing Japan­ese at Japan Day!

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Speaking Japanese — Weather — Conversation Starters

2011 February 25
by Paul B

Imag­ine for a moment that you’re sud­denly in Japan… you’re in Tokyo in Ueno park just enjoy­ing some peo­ple watch­ing, and then you see her (or him). Your Japan­ese idol. Maybe it’s a famous fash­ion designer or game devel­oper, or per­haps your favorite author, poet, musi­cian or artist, or per­haps it’s some­one strik­ingly attrac­tive. You want to break the ice. You want to make small talk and start a con­ver­sa­tion… but how?!

Then you remem­ber read­ing this arti­cle and say:

最近、いい天気ですね”

そうですね,” she says.

明日、雨ですよ” You com­ment. You heard the weather report that morning.

明日?ありがとう!” She says, thank­ing you, “I speak some Eng­lish, too. Where are you from?”

And there you go! Break­ing the ice and start­ing that con­ver­sa­tion. Well, maybe it wouldn’t really go that well, but we can dream, can’t we?

This arti­cle is all about con­ver­sa­tion starters and start­ing off with a good neu­tral topic – weather. Talk­ing about the weather is an amaz­ing way of break­ing the ice and mov­ing on to where someone’s from or what they do or what their hob­bies are. By the end of this les­son, you’ll know a few phrases and some words that will let you approach any­one and start a con­ver­sa­tion! And you’ll have done it in Japanese!

Talk­ing about the weather is a great way to make chit chat and start a casual con­ver­sa­tion. First I’m going to intro­duce you to some nouns and adjec­tives to allow you to com­bine them and cre­ate a stag­ger­ing amount of basic state­ments. Let’s with start with some basic nouns:

天気 tenki – weather

ame – rain

kumo – cloud

yuki – snow

kaze – wind

kam­i­nari – lightning/thunder

kasa – umbrella

季節 kisetsu – season

haru – Spring

natsu – Summer

aki – Fall

fuyu – Winter

niji – rainbow

giri – fog

sora – sky

koori – ice

arashi – storm

梅雨 tsuyu – rainy season

今日 kyo – today

明日 ashita – tomorrow

来週 raishu – next week

最近 saikin – recently, these days

Now for some adjectives:

暑い atsui – hot

寒い samui – cold

蒸し暑い mushi­at­sui – humid

晴れの hare no – fine (clear [skies])

涼しい suzushii – cool

暖かい atatakai – warm

いい ii – good, nice

嫌な iya na – bad, poor

So here’s the for­mula: _time-adjective_ , _adjective_ _noun_ desu (ne/yo).

The “desu” basi­cally means “is,” a gram­mat­i­cal equal sign. Also, you can add “ne” (ね) at the end to prompt a response from the lis­tener. It would some­what equate to say­ing “y’know” or “don’t you think.” If you want to add a lit­tle more umph to your state­ment, you can add “yo” (よ). OR, just to give you more options, you could add “ka” (か) to make the state­ment a ques­tion. Whoa, isn’t that cool? See how easy Japan­ese can be!? Let’s see some examples:

ashita, arashi desu ka – Is there going to be a storm tomorrow?

iya na fuyu desu yo – It’s been an awful winter!!

saikin, samui desu ne – It’s been cold lately, don’t you think?

ii niji desu – It’s a nice rainbow

kyo, hare no sora desu ne – The sky is so nice today

mushi­at­sui natsu desu yo – It’s such a muggy humid summer!

Look­ing at all these exam­ples, you’ll notice I don’t rigidly stick to the for­mula all the time. Some­times there’s no time-adjective, or no noun, or no adjec­tive. All of these are OK. The point is to give you tools and words and a flex­i­ble sen­tence struc­ture you can use to say a whole bunch of things. You want to com­mu­ni­cate, and we want to make that hap­pen… And I want you to go out and make friends and have fun! J

Want to dis­cuss the finer points of mete­o­rol­ogy in Japan­ese? Or, want to apply to be the next weather fore­caster on NHK? Sched­ule some lessons at Hills Learn­ing! We’ll make clear weather the fore­cast for your Japan­ese lan­guage learn­ing future.

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Learning Japanese…in New York?! What’s the best way to do this?

2011 February 4
by admin

We’ve had numer­ous stu­dents inter­ested in learn­ing Japan­ese in New York City and won­der­ing what should be the first step in learn­ing the lan­guage. While there are a mul­ti­tude of web­sites and other resources for learn­ing Japan­ese online, one of the key rec­om­men­da­tions for learn­ing a for­eign lan­guage is learn from a native speaker of that language.

Why is this so? You would think with devel­op­ments such as Rosetta Stone, Pim­sleur, Japan­ese Pod 101 and a plethora of other lan­guage sites and soft­ware that the ancient old tie between teacher and stu­dent for learn­ing Japan­ese is los­ing its impor­tance. Com­put­ers can replace peo­ple for many things, such as com­pu­ta­tions, house­hold chores and even dri­ving, so shouldn’t they be more effi­cient at teach­ing Japan­ese than human beings?

And also, what about old fash­ioned study­ing on your own? We have video games, books, web­sites, per­sonal speak­ing dic­tio­nar­ies, and voice recog­ni­tion soft­ware. If for exam­ple a stu­dent were to say “Ketsu” instead of “Kutsu” in Japan­ese, the com­puter would know right away that the stu­dent said “someone’s behind” instead of “someone’s shoes” and would cor­rect them in pronunciation.

While we don’t hes­i­tate to rec­og­nize devel­op­ment and advance­ment in learn­ing Japan­ese where it is due, namely in voice recog­ni­tion soft­ware, over­all noth­ing will ever replace a well trained, expe­ri­enced, and tal­ented Japan­ese lan­guage teacher. A Japan­ese lan­guage teacher brings so much more to the table than any lan­guage learn­ing “aid” could ever bring. (We like to think of soft­ware, cd-roms, video games as “lan­guage learn­ing aids”) Here’s what a Japan­ese lan­guage teacher brings:

1 — a nat­ural lan­guage part­ner — A com­puter can never be pro­grammed to react with emo­tion to con­ver­sa­tions. Since a lan­guage such as Japan­ese is absorbed and processed in the brain through con­ver­sa­tion, a com­puter will never teach a stu­dent how to nat­u­rally speak the Japan­ese language.

2 — an irre­place­able source for writ­ing — When you learned cur­sive as a child, was it through com­put­ers? No, it was through your teacher in the class­room. He or she looked over your shoul­der, checked your stroke order, and cor­rected you when they couldn’t read your writ­ing. Only a live breath­ing Japan­ese teacher can offer this.

3 — a teacher pro­vides a rela­tion­ship — This is per­haps the most over­looked part of the learn­ing Japan­ese expe­ri­ence, in a place out­side of Japan such as New York. When you live in Japan, you’re forced to use the lan­guage through mul­ti­ple daily inter­ac­tions that call for it, but in New York City no one cares if you speak Japan­ese, right?

Wrong, your teacher does. She checks up on your Japan­ese home­work, gets excited when you remem­ber and use a new vocab­u­lary word, gets dis­ap­pointed when you say you can­not make Japan­ese class, and com­ments on all her var­i­ous cul­tural expe­ri­ences grow­ing up in Japan and how dif­fer­ent it is in New York. From both a cul­tural and lin­guis­tic stand­point, a Japan­ese teacher is irre­place­able when it comes to effec­tively learn­ing Japan­ese in New York City.

If we still haven’t con­vinced you enough in regards to learn­ing Japan­ese in New York City, even after you’ve seen our list of Japan­ese Lan­guage Teach­ers, I’ll share a quick encounter I had with some­one who had been learn­ing Japan­ese with “lan­guage soft­ware.” We all know which one it is.

So I was at an Education-expo, walk­ing around to dif­fer­ent tables, and I man­aged to meet a guy who was work­ing in a local school and was learn­ing with lan­guage learn­ing soft­ware at home. He said he enjoyed the soft­ware and approach, and I said great, “hajimemashite”, and he looked at me with a blank stare. I said, that’s “nice to meet you” in Japanese.

I then asked him, what do you know in Japan­ese? He said, “otoko no hito”, which means “guy.” I said, how about any­thing else? And he said another word, of which I don’t recall but it wasn’t a Japan­ese term that I’ve learned in my past 10 years of instruc­tion in the Japan­ese language.

This guy could’ve been igai, or an excep­tion, but the point is that in a beginner’s class of Japan­ese you learn the basics of speak­ing to peo­ple, such as “hajimemashite.” Any stu­dent that doesn’t at least learn that phrase in the first cou­ple classes of pri­vate lessons isn’t learn­ing Japanese.

So what are you wait­ing for? Come learn Japan­ese with Hills Learning’s Japan­ese Classes in New York, or any other lan­guage school. Remem­ber, we focus on the qual­ity of the teacher, and try our best to build the stu­dent — teacher rela­tion­ship, which is key to any lan­guage learner’s process. Thanks for read­ing and good luck learn­ing Japanese!

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Learning Japanese — The Writing System

2011 January 20
by admin

If you’re inter­ested in learn­ing Japan­ese, a lot of stu­dents in New York are daunted by the fact they have to speak a lan­guage that’s dif­fer­ent gram­mat­i­cally, and also have to learn how to write the Japan­ese lan­guage. Our arti­cle (Learn Japan­ese NYC) teaches a bit about the dif­fer­ences between the three alpha­bets, Hira­gana, Katakana, and Kanji. It goes onto say that it’s really not that dif­fi­cult to Learn Japan­ese, even when liv­ing in New York City. Please check out our arti­cle today to learn more about writ­ing this won­der­ful language!

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Learn Japanese NYC… for $10!

2011 January 5
by admin

Are you one of those stu­dents that has always wanted to learn Japan­ese, but just not ready to pay the high prices to take Japan­ese lan­guage classes at a col­lege in New York? Hills Learn­ing for a lim­ited time offers a $10 Japan­ese Trial Class.  This com­ing Fri­day, instead of going out to the movies or spend­ing money at a club or bar, why not spend the ear­lier part of your night learn­ing Japan­ese, one of the most fas­ci­nat­ing lan­guages in New York City?

Hills Learn­ing is con­ve­niently located next to Grand Cen­tral Sta­tion. Why is this good for learn­ing Japan­ese? Well, after you’ve fin­ished with the $10 trial Japan­ese les­son, you can attend some of the Japan­ese related busi­nesses nearby, such as ramen shops and Japan­ese gro­cery stores, and of course the king of all things Japan­ese in New York: Kinoku­niya Book­stores, located right next to Bryant Park.

So what are you wait­ing for? Come enjoy your Fri­day night with Hills Learn­ing and learn Japan­ese today!

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A Great Sushi Restaurant Next to St Marks Place

2011 January 4
by admin

I went to a very good sushi restau­rant the other day. I found it off the beaten path, at St. Mark’s Place, the unof­fi­cial Japan Town of New York. The restau­rant was quaint, afford­able (a sushi dol­lar menu with a wide vari­ety of sushi!), and also had pitch­ers of Kirin for around $17. Def­i­nitely a good break from the typ­i­cal New York overly expen­sive and not so deli­cious sushi experience.

The sushi restau­rant was called “NORI”, if you google “nori sushi nyc” this restau­rant will come up. The web­site is http://www.norinyc.com/

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Japanese Proficiency Test — What’s Changed and How to Handle It

2010 June 1
by admin

Whether you’re a new stu­dent for the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency Exam or have taken it in the past, the JLPT (Japan­ese Lan­guage Pro­fi­ciency Test) in 2010 has changed. Con­se­quently, how to study and han­dle the exam has also changed.  This arti­cle will dis­cuss the his­tory of the exam and why changes were brought about, what’s new about the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency Test for 2010, and how to best study to pass the JLPT.

The rea­son why the test was changed in 2010 was test tak­ers and school admin­is­tra­tors were com­plain­ing that the exam wasn’t ade­quate. What kind of exam, they won­dered, mea­sures lan­guage abil­ity with­out any spo­ken com­po­nent to it? Although there is still no speak­ing con­tained in the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency Exam, it was rumoured that the exam’s setup was get­ting obose­lete and pre­dictable. The Japan­ese author­i­ties responded with a new test.

The main changes in the exam are as follows:

2009 — there were 4 lev­els of the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency Exam: 1-kyu, 2-kyu, 3-kyu, and 4-kyu. 1-kyu rep­re­sents the high­est level, “flu­ency” in the Japan­ese lan­guage. 1-kyu con­sists of obscure Japan­ese gram­mar pat­terns, insanely hard read­ing pas­sages, and lis­ten­ing sec­tions that some­times make you won­der if the lan­guage you heard was actu­ally Japan­ese. 4-kyu is the entry level part of the exam, “beginner.”

2010 - 5 lev­els 1-kyu, 2-kyu, 3-kyu, 4-kyu, 5-kyu. Here’s what hap­pened with each level of the JLPT:

1-kyu got harder. This is because a lot of uni­ver­sity stu­dents, embassy appli­cants, trans­la­tors, etc. were mas­ter­ing the exam at a faster rate. The Japan­ese gov­ern­ment responded by mak­ing the con­tent of 1-kyu harder.

2-kyu stays the same. This is actu­ally very good for poten­tial job seek­ers and ambi­tious employ­ees who want to work in a Japan­ese com­pany. 2-kyu rep­re­sents “busi­ness flu­ency” and while study­ing to pass the 2-kyu level, stu­dents actu­ally learn quite a lot of use­ful Japan­ese in the process.

3-kyu — a new level. The jump between the old 2-kyu and 3-kyu was too great, so there is now a new level of the Japan­ese pro­fi­ciency exam. “intemediate”

4-kyu is the old 3-kyu level. Sorry 3-kyu hold­ers, your level of Japan­ese has just been brought down a level.

5-kyu is the old 4-kyu level. Sorry 4-kyu holders, “.

The scor­ing sys­tem has changed. Gone are the days where test tak­ers can get 100 on read­ing and vocab­u­lary, a 50 on lis­ten­ing, and still pass the test with fly­ing col­ors. Now every sec­tion needs a pass­ing score to get a pass­ing grade on the exam.

So for each level:

1-kyu you’ll need to get a 70% on the Vocab­u­lary Sec­tion, Lis­ten­ing Sec­tion, and Read­ing / Gram­mar Sec­tions. If you score below a 70 on any of these sec­tions, you fail the exam.

2-kyu, 3-kyu, 4-kyu, and 5-kyu you’ll need to get a 60% “.

With each drop in dif­fi­culty, the length of the test shrinks. The vocab­u­lary, read­ing, and lis­ten­ing sec­tions also get easier.

What this means When study­ing for the Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency Test going for­ward, all test tak­ers must be more cog­nizant of devel­op­ing all their lan­guage skills. If a test taker fails to do the Read­ing, Lis­ten­ing, or vocab recog­ni­tion sec­tions prop­erly, they fail the test overall.

There­fore when study­ing, please pur­chase a lis­ten­ing book, as well as a read­ing book and a gram­mar book. Look for the pub­lish­ers Japan Times or ALC, both com­pa­nies have great rep­u­ta­tions in Japan, and write quite use­ful series. Any spe­cific ques­tions please feel free to ask on this article.

PS — If you haven’t started study­ing, please start now! Cre­ate a reg­i­ment, pre­pare to study at least 2 hours a week, and aim for on aver­age 3 to 4 hours per week. The Japan­ese Pro­fi­ciency Exam in New York City (and the rest of the U.S.) will hap­pen less than 6 months from now, in December.

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